They are used as fertilizer, but have other important uses.Ītacama is a Chilean region south of the Atacama Desert, which mostly coincides with the disputed Antofagasta province, known in Bolivia as Litoral.ġ793 Map of Andrés Baleato showing Peru and Chile's border inside the Spanish Empire. Potassium nitrate (ordinary saltpeter) and sodium nitrate (Chile saltpeter) are nitrogen-containing compounds collectively referred to as salpeter, saltpetre, salitre, caliche, or nitrate. Wanu ( Spanish: guano) is a Quechua word for fertilizer. The war largely settled (or set up, depending on one's point of view) the 'Tacna-Arica dispute', and is sometimes known by that name as well, although the details took decades to resolve. It should not to be confused with the pre-Columbian Saltpeter War, in what is now Mexico, nor the 'Guano War' as the Chincha Islands War is sometimes named. The conflict is also known as the ' Saltpeter War', the 'Ten Cents War' (in reference to the controversial ten- centavo tax imposed by the Bolivian government), and the 'Second Pacific War'. The elevation behind them is also a burial ground of victims.

8 Looting, damages, and war reparationsĬhilean lieutenant Solo Zaldívar and two soldiers burying three Bolivian soldiers after the Battle of Tacna.

5.2 Peace treaty between Bolivia and Chile.

5.1 Peace treaty between Chile and Peru.

4.3.5 Domestic policies until the fall of Lima.

4.3.2 Domestic policies until the fall of Iquique.

3.3 Peruvian mediation and Bolivian declaration of war.

The 1929 Tacna–Arica compromise gave Arica to Chile and Tacna to Peru. In 1904, Chile and Bolivia signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship, which established definite boundaries. Chile acquired the Peruvian territory of Tarapacá, the disputed Bolivian department of Litoral (turning Bolivia into a landlocked country), and temporary control over the Peruvian provinces of Tacna and Arica. Bolivia signed a truce with Chile in 1884. Remnants and irregulars of the Peruvian army waged a guerrilla war but could not prevent war-weary Peruvian factions from reaching a peace deal with Chile involving territorial cessions.Ĭhile and Peru signed the Treaty of Ancón on October 20, 1883. Chilean forces occupied Peru's capital Lima in January 1881. Bolivia withdrew after the Battle of Tacna, on May 26, 1880. Afterwards, Chile's land campaign overcame the Bolivian and Peruvian armies. For the first five months, the war played out in a naval campaign, as Chile struggled to establish a marine resupply corridor for its forces in the world's driest desert. On February 14, 1879, Chile's armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta, subsequently war between Bolivia and Chile was declared on March 1, 1879, and between Chile and Peru on April 5, 1879.īattles were fought in the Pacific Ocean, the Atacama Desert, the Peruvian deserts, and the mountainous interior of Peru. But historians have pointed to deeper origins of the war, such as the interest of Chile and Peru in the nitrate business, the long-standing rivalry between Chile and Peru, as well as political and economical disparities between Chile and Peru and Bolivia. The war began over a nitrate taxation dispute between Bolivia and Chile, with Peru being drawn in due to its secret alliance with Bolivia. Fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert, the war ended with a Chilean victory, which gained for the country a significant amount of resource-rich territory from Peru and Bolivia. The War of the Pacific (Spanish: Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War (Spanish: Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Arica Province and Tacna Province occupied by Chile in.Tacna Region occupied by Chile in 1885, returned to Peru in 1925.

Puna de Atacama ceded by Bolivia to Chile and Argentina in 18.Tarapacá Department ceded by Peru to Chile in 1884.Litoral Department (Antofagasta) ceded by Bolivia to Chile in 1904.

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